تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب (JWST)از فضا observatory designed to conduct infrared astronomy and launched successfully on 25 December 2021 will enable two research teams to study earliest galaxies in the جهان. The research teams will use JWST’s powerful instruments (NIRISS, NIRCam and NIRSpec) to capture and characterize some of the earliest galaxies.
The Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public (NGDEEP) Survey will target هابل Ultra Deep Field by pointing telescope’s Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) on the primary هابل Ultra Deep Field and Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on the parallel field. The two instruments NIRISS and NIRCam will capture infrared light (redshifted due to expansion of جهان). The data will be released immediately to benefit the researchers.
NGDEEP team will also identify metal elements in the early galaxies especially in smaller and dimmer ones that haven’t yet been thoroughly studied so far. Study of metal contents of galaxies is standard way to trace evolution across cosmic time. There were only hydrogen and helium in the beginning of the جهان. New elements were formed by successive generations of ستاره ها. Studying metal contents of galaxies will help to plot out precisely when various elements existed and update models that project how galaxies evolved in the early جهان.
The other research team will examine the primary هابل Ultra Deep Field using the microshutter array within the telescope’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec). This will provide first large sample of earliest galaxies that existed in the early جهان enabling researchers to understand them in detail.
The story of study of جهان اولیه began in 1995 with the decision to focus هابل فضا Telescope (HST) on nothing in the hitherto unexplored field in the sky. هابل captured about 3000 images of galaxies at different stages of stellar evolution. Better known as هابل Deep Field, these images were first pictures of early galaxies and revolutionised the field of astronomy.
As a successor of هابل فضا telescope (HST), تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب (JWST) is carrying forward the هابل telescope’s legacy in the area of study of early جهان. Webb telescope aims to search for light from the first ستاره ها and galaxies that formed in the جهان after the Big Bang to study the formation and evolution of galaxies, to understand the formation of ستاره ها و سیاره ای systems and to study سیاره ای systems and the origins of life.
در اوایل جهان in the first several hundred million years after the big bang was a very different place. It was semi-opaque. This is when the first galaxies in the جهان were beginning to form. Many distant galaxies have been spotted by the telescopes but none earlier than 400 million years after the big bang. What were galaxies that existed even earlier like? The above mentioned, two research teams will answer just this by revealing details of the earliest chapters of کهکشان سیر تکاملی.
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منابع:
- ناسا 2022. وب ناسا برای کشف ثروت های جهان اولیه، منتشر شده در 22 ژوئن 2022. در دسترس به صورت آنلاین در https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2022/news-2022-015.html دسترسی در 23 ژوئن 2022.
- پراساد یو.، 2021. تلسکوپ فضایی جیمز وب (JWST): اولین رصدخانه فضایی اختصاص داده شده به مطالعه جهان اولیه. علمی اروپایی منتشر شده در 6 نوامبر 2021. در دسترس آنلاین در http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/space/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-the-first-space-observatory-dedicated-to-the-study-of-early-universe/
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